The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities,or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in the meeting of operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.
Acknowlegements
This manual was written by Danielle Kitchingman-Roy and Jürgen Mika, under the supervision of the CBI Unit at IOM: Fouad Diab, Julie Gjerlufsen, Francisco Astudillo Poggi, Juliette Grandmont, Alissa Mustre del Rio and Alicia Persia Laureys. The authors would like to specifically thank key informants who provided useful insights and workshop participants for their feedback during the finalisation of this manual: Alberto Preato, Andrew Lind, Baseer Khan, Frederic Van Hamme, Ghaith Alshaikhli, Husnur Esthiwahyu, Jorge Baca, Luz Tantaruna, Maqsood Akram, Marita del Rosario, Mohanad Ameen, Monica Aguilar, Mustafa Hadeed, Nicholas Bishop, Nina Stuurman, Omar Rincon, Paul Henry Tambasen and Walaipan Gaitmolee.
We would also like to thank Afaf Sito, Agnes Kwoba Olusese, Agnès Tillinac, Alexandra Valerio, Ali Govori, Alina Mihai, Angelica Broman, Anna Reichenberg, Donna Clay, Evanthia Mavroeidi, Fiona McCarry, Gemma Arthurson, Jessica Mamo, Joseph Ashmore, Juliana Hafteh, Katia Barrech, Lucas Riegger, Manuel Marques Pereira, Mari Khris Estrada, Nicholas van der Vyver, Valon Halimi, Vivian Alt Vieira and Yamine Zaki Abdelaziz for their valuable feedback.
The feedback stems from colleagues working in IOM Country Offices in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Nigeria, Mali, Peru, Türkiye and Yemen and in the Regional Offices in Bangkok, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Panama City and San Jose as well as in the Department of Financial and Administrative Management, the Department of Legal Affairs, the Department of Operations and Emergencies, the Department of Peace and Development Coordination and the Department of Programme Support and Migration Management as well as the Office of the Inspector General and the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse and Sexual Harassment Unit.
This manual builds on a wealth of best practices on CBI. The authors extend their sincere thanks to the following organizations and their respective materials: CALP Network, ICRC Cash Toolbox, OXFAM, World Food Programme, the Fritz Institute and Mercy Corps.
This is the second edition of the CBI Manual. For comments and feedback, please contact cbisupport@iom.int
List of figures
Figure 1: Key Cash-Based Interventions Terminology
Figure 2: CBI Process Flow Chart
Figure 3: Capacities to Consider before Implementing CBI
Figure 4: Macro-Financial Assessment: Things to Consider
Figure 5: ICT Service Provider Assessment: Things to Consider
Figure 6: Modality Decision Tree
Figure 7: Risk Analysis
Figure 8: MEB Gap Analysis
Figure 9: Value For Money - the 4Es
Figure 10: Organization and Project-level SOPs
Figure 11: Example of Financial Transfer Flow Map
Figure 12: Example of on-site CBI Distribution Organization
List of tables
Table 1: Cash Feasibility – Key Considerations to Verify
Table 2: Example Roles and Responsibilities at IOM for a CBI programme
Table 3: Comparative Table of Market Assessment Tools and Guidance
Table 4: Advantages and Disadvantages of Assistance Modalities
Table 5: Cash-for-Work Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 6: Cash-for-Work Targeting Considerations
Table 7: Account/GL Description for CBI
Table 8: Account/GL Description for Implementing Partners
Table 9: Do's and Don'ts of Complaint and Feedback Mechanisms
Table 10: Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Forms of Beneficiary Identification
Acronyms
| AAP | Accountability to Affected Populations |
| BAS | Bids Aanalysis Summary |
| BNA | Basic Needs Approach |
| CA | Capacity Approach |
| CBI | Cash-Based Interventions (alternatively called CVA, CTP) |
| CCCM | Camp Coordination and Camp Management |
| CFM | Complaint and Feedback Mechanism |
| CFW | Cash-for-Work |
| CHS | Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability |
| CP | Child Protection |
| CTP | Cash Transfer Programming |
| CVA | Cash and Voucher Assistance |
| ECMEN | Economic Capacity to Meet Essential Needs |
| ELAN | Electronic Cash Transfer Learning Action Network |
| EMMA | Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis |
| FCS | Food Consumption Score |
| FSP | Financial Service Provider |
| GBV | Gender-Based Violence |
| GL | General Ledger |
| GM | Gender Mainstreaming |
| ICRC | International Committee of the Red Cross |
| ICT | Information and Communications Technology |
| ID | Identity document |
| IP | Implementing Partner |
| IPSAS | International Public Sector Accounting Standards |
| ISC | Indicator Service Codes |
| KYC | Know Your Customer |
| LCS | Livelihoods Coping Strategies |
| LTA | Long-term agreement |
| M&E | Monitoring and Evaluation |
| MAG | Market Analysis Guidance |
| MEB | Minimum Expenditure Basket |
| MEAL | Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning |
| MNO | Mobile Network Operators |
| MPCA | Multipurpose cash assistance (also called multi-purpose cash or multi-purpose cash grants) |
| MSCU | Manila Supply Chain Unit |
| MSMA | Multi-Sector Market Assessment |
| NFI | Non-food item |
| ODK | Open Data Kit |
| PCMA | Pre-crisis Market Analysis |
| PDM | Post Distribution Monitoring |
| PP | Platform Provider |
| PRIMA | Project Information and Management Application |
| PRISM | Processes and Resources Integrated Systems Management |
| PSEA | Protection Against Sexual Exploitation and Abuse |
| RAM | Rapid Assessment for Markets |
| rCSI | Reduced Coping Strategy Index |
| SOP | Standard Operating Procedures |
| SP | Service Provider |
| VAM | Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping |
| WAAI | We are all in |
| WASH | Water, Sanitation and Hygiene |
| WBS | Work Breakdown Structure |